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                    <h1 class="description center-align post-title">javaScript-深拷贝和浅拷贝</h1>
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                    <i class="far fa-calendar-minus fa-fw"></i>发布日期:&nbsp;&nbsp;
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                <p>javaScript 中数据类型分为基本数据类型和引用数据类型; 当我们把基本数据类型的值赋给另一个变量的时候, 拷贝的是本身的值; 但是当我们赋值引用数据类型的时候, 就存在深拷贝和浅拷贝的问题了; </p>
<h3 id="浅拷贝"><a href="#浅拷贝" class="headerlink" title="浅拷贝"></a>浅拷贝</h3><p><strong>浅拷贝</strong> 浅拷贝是拷贝了对象的引用地址,当原对象发生变化时,拷贝对象也会跟着发生变化;</p>
<p>原理:引用数据类型值是存在堆中, 栈中存的是指向堆的地址的指针; 当赋值引用数据类型时, 赋的是存在栈中的指向堆内存地址的指针; 两个变量共用一个内存地址, 当某个变量的属性 或者方法发生改变时, 另一个变量也会跟着改变; </p>
<h4 id="浅拷贝的主要类型"><a href="#浅拷贝的主要类型" class="headerlink" title="浅拷贝的主要类型"></a>浅拷贝的主要类型</h4><h4 id="1-0-Object-assign"><a href="#1-0-Object-assign" class="headerlink" title="1.0 Object.assign()"></a>1.0 Object.assign()</h4><h4 id="2-0-Array-concat"><a href="#2-0-Array-concat" class="headerlink" title="2.0 Array.concat()"></a>2.0 Array.concat()</h4><h4 id="3-0-…arr-拓展运算符"><a href="#3-0-…arr-拓展运算符" class="headerlink" title="3.0 […arr] (拓展运算符)"></a>3.0 […arr] (拓展运算符)</h4><h4 id="4-0-Array-slice"><a href="#4-0-Array-slice" class="headerlink" title="4.0 Array.slice()"></a>4.0 Array.slice()</h4><pre class=" language-javaScript"><code class="language-javaScript">// Array.slice()
// 当数组中的item为基本数据类型时
let arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
let arr1 = arr.slice()
arr1[0] = 2
console.log(arr, arr1) // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] [2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]</code></pre>
<p>当 Array 中的 item 为基本数据类型时, 为啥改变 arr[0]时, arr 不会改变呢;<br>因为 arr[0]= 2; 这是属于赋值; </p>
<pre class=" language-javaScript"><code class="language-javaScript">// Array.slice()
// 当数组中的item为引用数据类型时
let objs = [&#123;
        name: 'melin1',
        job: '111'
    &#125;,
    &#123;
        name: 'melin2',
        job: '222'
    &#125;,
    &#123;
        name: 'melin3',
        job: '333'
    &#125;
];
var copy = objs.slice(0);
copy[1].name = 'tom';
console.log(objs[1].name); //tom
console.log(copy[1].name); //tom</code></pre>
<p>当 Array 中的 item 为引用数据类型时, objs 和 copy 两个数组中的第一项的 name 属性都发生了变化, 可看出 Array.slice 为浅拷贝; </p>
<pre class=" language-javaScript"><code class="language-javaScript">// Array.slice()
// 当数组中的item为引用数据类型时
let objs = [&#123;
        name: 'melin1',
        job: '111'
    &#125;,
    &#123;
        name: 'melin2',
        job: '222'
    &#125;,
    &#123;
        name: 'melin3',
        job: '333'
    &#125;
];
var copy = objs.slice(0);
copy[1] = &#123;
    name: 'jack',
    job: 'ccc',
&#125;;
console.log(objs[1]); //&#123;name:'melin2',job:'222'&#125;
console.log(copy[1]); //&#123;name:'jacj',job:'ccc'&#125;</code></pre>
<p>当 Array 中的 item 为引用数据类型时, 为什么这又是个深拷贝; </p>
<p><strong>Array.concat()同理</strong></p>
<h3 id="深拷贝"><a href="#深拷贝" class="headerlink" title="深拷贝"></a>深拷贝</h3><p><strong>深拷贝</strong> 拷贝的是一个完整的对象; 会重新开辟一块内存地址存储该对象; 该对象和源对象是独立的, 互不影响; </p>
<pre class=" language-javaScript"><code class="language-javaScript">// JS原生手写clone和deepclone
function clone(target) &#123;
    let newObject = &#123;&#125;;
    for (key in target) &#123;
        newObject[key] = target[key];
    &#125;;
    return newObject;
&#125;;

// 1.判断数据类型,如果是原始数据类型,无需拷贝直接返回;
// 2.如果是引用数据类型,创建新的对象,遍历需要克隆的对象,将需要克隆的对象的属性执行深拷贝后依次添加到新的对象上;
function deepClone(target) &#123;
    if (typeof target == 'object') &#123;
        let newObject = &#123;&#125;;
        for (key in target) &#123;
            newObject[key] = deepclone(target[key]);
        &#125;
        return newObject;
    &#125; else &#123;
        return target;
    &#125;
&#125;;

// 3.但是上面的深拷贝我们只考虑到object,如果是数组呢?
function deepClone(target) &#123;
    if (typeof target == 'object') &#123;
        // 判断是普通对象还是数组
        let type = target instanceof Array == true ? true : false;
        let newObject = type ? [] : &#123;&#125;;
        for (key in target) &#123;
            newObject[key] = deepClone(target[key]);
        &#125;
        return newObject;
    &#125; else &#123;
        return target;
    &#125;
&#125;;</code></pre>
<h4 id="JSON-parse-JSON-stringfy-obj-缺点"><a href="#JSON-parse-JSON-stringfy-obj-缺点" class="headerlink" title="JSON.parse(JSON.stringfy(obj)) 缺点"></a>JSON.parse(JSON.stringfy(obj)) 缺点</h4><h5 id="1-obj-中有-Date-对象-则会转变成时间字符串-而不是-Date-对象形式"><a href="#1-obj-中有-Date-对象-则会转变成时间字符串-而不是-Date-对象形式" class="headerlink" title="1. obj 中有 Date 对象, 则会转变成时间字符串, 而不是 Date 对象形式;"></a>1. obj 中有 Date 对象, 则会转变成时间字符串, 而不是 Date 对象形式;</h5><pre class=" language-javaScript"><code class="language-javaScript">let obj = &#123;
    a: 123,
    b: [new Date(), new Date()]
&#125;
let newObj = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));
console.log(obj, newObj);
//https://blog.csdn.net/MFWSCQ/article/details/112977766</code></pre>
<h5 id="2-obj-中有-RegExp、Error-对象-则会变成空对象"><a href="#2-obj-中有-RegExp、Error-对象-则会变成空对象" class="headerlink" title="2. obj 中有 RegExp、Error 对象, 则会变成空对象;"></a>2. obj 中有 RegExp、Error 对象, 则会变成空对象;</h5><pre class=" language-javaScript"><code class="language-javaScript">let obj = &#123;
    a: 123,
    b: [new Date(), new Date()]
&#125;
let newObj = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));
console.log(obj, newObj);</code></pre>
<h5 id="3-obj-中有-NaN、infinity-则会变为-null"><a href="#3-obj-中有-NaN、infinity-则会变为-null" class="headerlink" title="3. obj 中有 NaN、infinity, 则会变为 null;"></a>3. obj 中有 NaN、infinity, 则会变为 null;</h5><pre class=" language-javaScript"><code class="language-javaScript">let obj = &#123;
    a: 123,
    fn: function() &#123;
        let a = 123;
        console.log(a)
    &#125;,
    c: undefined,
    d: Symbol('foo')
&#125;
let newObj = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));
console.log(obj, newObj);</code></pre>
<h5 id="4-obj-中有函数、undefined、则会丢失"><a href="#4-obj-中有函数、undefined、则会丢失" class="headerlink" title="4. obj 中有函数、undefined、则会丢失;"></a>4. obj 中有函数、undefined、则会丢失;</h5><pre class=" language-javaScript"><code class="language-javaScript">let obj = &#123;
    a: 123,
    b: NaN,
    c: Infinity,
    d: -Infinity
&#125;
let newObj = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));
console.log(obj, newObj);</code></pre>
<h5 id="5-JSON-stringify-只能序列化对象的可枚举的自有属性"><a href="#5-JSON-stringify-只能序列化对象的可枚举的自有属性" class="headerlink" title="5. JSON.stringify() 只能序列化对象的可枚举的自有属性"></a>5. JSON.stringify() 只能序列化对象的可枚举的自有属性</h5><pre class=" language-javaScript"><code class="language-javaScript">let obj = &#123;
    a: 123,
    b: 234
&#125;
Object.defineProperty(obj, 'c', &#123;
    value: 22,
    enumerable: false,
&#125;)
let newObj = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj));
console.log(obj, newObj);</code></pre>
<p>2021.8.24 补充</p>
<h4 id="JSON-parse-JSON-stringify-obj-的缺点"><a href="#JSON-parse-JSON-stringify-obj-的缺点" class="headerlink" title="JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj))的缺点"></a>JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj))的缺点</h4><ul>
<li>obj 中有 Date 对象, 会直接转化为’object’字符串</li>
<li>obj 中有 RegExp 对象, 则会会直接转化为空对象</li>
<li>obj 中有方法或者函数, 会直接丢失</li>
<li>obj 中有 undefined, 会直接丢失</li>
<li>obj 中有 NaN, 会直接丢失</li>
<li>JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj))只能拷贝对象的可枚举的自有属性</li>
<li>obj 存在循环引用的情况也无法正确实现深拷贝</li>
</ul>

                
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